Understanding Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1638 Words

Understanding Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and How it Effects Learning Learning can be affected by many things that occur throughout a student’s education career. Therefore, has anyone ever thought of how a student’s mental well-being could affect their learning process? The fact is, approximately 4-6% of youth nationwide will be diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) upon meeting the specific criteria due to experiencing a traumatic event that includes symptoms such as reduced concentration and disturbing thoughts, which may rigorously interfere with school performance (Kataoka, Langley, Wong, Baweja Stein, 2012). While these percentages may seem small, it is still extremely important that students and instructors alike are made aware of PTSD, its symptoms and effective treatments in order to provide support for one another. Comprehension of the definition of PTSD is required when it comes to communication and providing aid to an individual suffering from it. A common misconception of this disorder is that only combat veter ans bear psychological stress that affects their state of mind. Although, that presently is not the case, the experiences of Vietnam Veterans did lead to the disorders introduction into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM-III) in 1980 (Kato, Kawata Pitman, 2006). Since 1980, PTSD, (depicted by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (n.d.) as â€Å"an anxiety disorder that some people getShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesToday we are here to figure out why is it that past events are the triggers that cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or undergoing a dangerous event. There are various symptoms that begin to show or actions that can give a clear answer whether one may be diagnosed with this disorder. One of the many problems is that no age range is safe from suffering PTSD. One must ask themselves what set of events happenedRead More Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay142 0 Words   |  6 Pages There are hundreds of different kinds of psychiatric disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). One of them is called Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on the research, post-traumatic disorder usually occurs following the experience or witnessing of life-threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults like rape (Harvard Women’s Health Watch, 2005)Read MoreDreaming and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Connection974 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to the dictionary diagnosis in PsychCentral, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is defined as a â€Å"debilitating mental disorder that follows experiencing or witnessing an extremely traumatic, tragic, or terrifying event† (PTSD Info Treatment, 2013). While this definition describes the general definition of PTSD, the DSM-IV states that the criteria for being diagnosed with PTSD varies between a person who â€Å"experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involvedRead MoreNo Comfort Zone By Marla Handy Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesto the surface something many people tend to avoid: post-traumatic stress disorder. Unlike for many members of society, for Handy, it is not and never will be something she can avoid. She works to, momentarily, at least, bridge this gap for her readers by describing some of the symptoms that she and many others with PTSD live with on a frequent basis. Handy is one of about 8% of people who have been diagnosed with PTSD, defined as â€Å"a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shockingRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years there has been much dispute over the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, on the armed forces. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a medical condition that affects the physiology of the brain. It commonly affects those who have experienced or witnessed stressful events, such as war. PTSD was generally referred to as â€Å"shell-shock† in the military, until an improved and more inclusive definition of the disease was discovered. Wartime environments contain a multitude ofRead MoreEvents and Treaties of World War I1317 Words   |  5 PagesIn history class we are currently discussing the events and treaties of World War 1. I found this subject very interesting and the fact that many soldiers suffered from Post-Tr aumatic Stress Disorder piqued my curiosity. My teacher discussed how towards the end of the war soldiers portrayed symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and often fled during war which led to most of them being captured by their government and killed. I want to learn more about this topic because it is very interestingRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthe treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) defined by DSM-IV-TR is â€Å"characterised by the re-experiencing of an extremely traumatic event accompanied by symptoms of increased arousal and by avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma† (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000). There are many impacts and effects this disorder has on refugees requiring treatment, interventions, education and a need for understanding the individuals’Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )989 Words   |  4 Pages Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Sarah Batson Eastern Florida State College, Melbourne CLP 2140 03M Abstract In today s society, it has become prevalent that the amount of individuals suffering from mental illnesses is rapidly increasing. This paper will focus on one of the disorders associated with mental illness – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The introduction will define and describe the disorder, and the following paragraphs will discuss causes, symptoms, target populationsRead MoreThe Wars- Effects on Humans1748 Words   |  7 PagesWar has been a constant part of human history. It has greatly affected the lives of people around the world. These effects, however, are extremely detrimental. Soldiers must shoulder extreme stress on the battlefield. Those that cannot mentally overcome these challenges may develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Sadly, some resort to suicide to escape their insecurities. Soldiers, however, are not the only ones affected by wars; family members also experience mental hardships when their loved onesRead MoreResearch Based Interventions Paper1727 Wo rds   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Research- Based Intervention on Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder Erica Mariscal Vigil PSYCH 650 Dr. Harry Beaman 05/25/15 Research- Based Intervention on Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder According to Butcher, Mineka, and Hooley (2013), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), is a â€Å"disorder that occurs following an extreme traumatic event, in which a person re-experiences the event, avoids reminders of the trauma, and exhibits persistent increased arousal†. An example may be, a person who

Marijuana Subculture Free Essays

Subculture: Marijuana in the United States Fatima Alikhan ENG 122 Professor Kenneth Newton Monday May 23, 2010 The United States has an approved list of drugs that are considered legal and illegal that create adverse side effects and hold diverse political views. Marijuana is a substance that popular media holds in a negative undertone while other drugs such as valium and alcohol are supported, if not glorified. Popular media is a powerful tool that gathers a mass of people and provides all types of information. We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana Subculture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some types of information are historical facts, statistics, entertainment, opinions, and biases which alter the state and views of those who access it. Marijuana has had an extremely controversial political view throughout history and is considered a â€Å"gateway drug,† enabling users to pursue stronger and dangerous substances. Although marijuana includes negative side effects, statistics prove it may be far less dangerous to people and those around them compared to legalized substances with higher danger percentages. The comparison and political attitudes of marijuana throughout history of the United States is what is examined in this paper to draw awareness to readers on the bias of intolerance towards marijuana. I plan on limiting my topic selection by choosing a limit of 3 substances to compare the statistics against and only recording major milestones that changed the way people viewed marijuana throughout American history. The underlying argument in this paper would be in the form of an ultimatum: legalize marijuana or criminalize alcohol and prescription pain medicine. The American people may not know why exactly marijuana is considered illegal when neither side effects or symptoms cause fatalities or crime when contrasted against prescription pain pills that target teenagers to adults. Alcohol related accidents are also significantly higher than marijuana related stresses however it has been considered wrong, immoral, and illegal for close to a century in United States history. The media’s portrayal of marijuana in movies and television shows has always been a carefree and adventurous approach. Movies such as Half Baked, Harold and Kumar Go to White Castle, and Pineapple Express depict the substance as a recreational tool that can enhance the quality of life and entertainment. Television shows such as That 70’s Show demonstrate an accurate depiction of marijuana use in the 1970’s which show a group of teenagers sitting around a circle smoking marijuana, giggling, and eating. Although the 1970’s was known for heavy drug use such as cocaine, LSD, and heroin, and the government’s epic battle on the war on drugs, marijuana was considered to be a gateway drug which led to endless possibilites and dangers. Throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s, marijuana was portrayed in negative connotations after President Nixon had declared a war on all drugs which was intended for the crack and heroin epidemic however extended itself onto marijuana as well. After the new century, the media began anti-marijuana campaign commercials that would be targeted directly towards teenagers. â€Å"Tests of sensation seeking targeting evaluated the effectiveness of targeted televised public service announcement campaigns in reducing marijuana use among high sensation-seeking adolescents,† (Palmgreen, Donohew, Lorch, Hoyle, Stephenson, 2001). This study used a controlled interrupted time-series design method to match 2 communities where one county and campaign was compared to another county and campaign. Personal interviews were conducted with 100 teenagers in a period of 32 months. The result proved the effectiveness of media towards adolescents. All 3 campaigns had reversed the trend of marijuana use. Televised campaigns that target a large group of people have an effective strategy in conveying a direct message and achieving its purpose. The message that is being portrayed however is based off of false assumptions and lack of scientific data. It is simply opinion however the message and the powerful tool of the media conveys a strong image to impose a crime on the substance. The portrayal of other legal drugs in the media such as alcohol and prescription pills is far more appealing to the human eye than marijuana. Alcohol is branded with trademarks and celebrity endorsements that promote an urban lifestyle. It conveys the message that it is chic and savvy to drink or that it can bring excitement to a social setting. Celebrities, fancy cars, sports athletes, musicians, and scantily clad women submit a message through media that drinking â€Å"their† alcohol will allow a person’s environment or self-image to be enhanced. Prescription pills on the other hand are not mentioned much in the media at all. The amount of danger and the percentage of addiction is at such a great risk for Americans however there are no repercussions taken by government or doctors. With the number of soccer moms, teenagers, and role models (athletes, etc. ) that are getting addicted to these substances, it is abnormal that the federal government hasn’t taken action towards monitoring or screening these substances as they do with marijuana. Marijuana charges for possession and distribution cost tax payers unnecessary dollars to keep law enforcement active, house non criminal inmates, and fund anti-marijuana regulations. In contrast, the percentage of income the government and private corporations receive from alcohol and prescription pills keeps skyrocketing yearly even though the damage done to people and those around them from these substances is rather substantial. The dangers and problems of both alcohol and prescriptions pills in comparison to marijuana have alarming statistics and percentages that make readers astonished as to why marijuana is illegal or why other substances are legal. Alcohol has a long history of being portrayed in media as a â€Å"relaxing† elixir after a long day at work or a method of unwinding. The role of alcohol in movies and television are false impressions of what would happen in a social setting if you were to be drinking a certain alcohol or the how much better your time would be spent if you were drinking. Commercials and advertisements use models, cars, celebrities, sports, clubs, and entertainment to promote an image or brand that alcohol brings life, love, and lust to any party however the cold hard truth is that it is far from the perception it sells. This multi-million dollar industry prides itself on a fast growing industry that has the highest percentage of users of a social drug in the United States. â€Å"We do not need the brewers’ reminder that the absolute quantity of alcohol consumed has been steadily increasing at a rate of at least 7% per annum to be aware that it remains far and away the most widely-accepted social drug in this country,† (Aud, 1981, p. 48). Prescription pills have not been much of a harmful substance until this decade. The recent increase in those prescribed with pain and given very high doses of pain medication has been astonishing. Although these substances are intended to target the pain, most pain killers given through a prescription are misused and soon become addictive. A minor toothache or certain back pain that may not require such high doses of medicine are being prescribed by doctors which is leading to numerous amounts of dangers. A local mother who is prescribed pain killers can also be accidentally distributing to her teenagers who may not need the medicine or know how to properly ingest it. The effect of alcohol and prescription pills are a deadly combination but are extremely popular among youth. The combination of both legal substances enhance the altered state of mind one would naturally get from consuming just one substance. Prescription pain killers have been the major focus study among teenagers in the past 5 years due to the availability of them compared to the frequency of its distribution now. The assumptions on health effects caused by marijuana have different results after several tests. Many may presume that marijuana causes an array of mental disorders and lack of control of the mind however, Mitch Earleywine’s research proves no such case. â€Å"In general, the drug is incapable of creating an overdose. It can exacerbate the symptoms of some mental disorders but does not appear to cause them. Data fail to show any marijuana-induced changes in brain structure, but long-term exposure to the drug alters the way the brain functions during complex tasks,† (Earleywine, 2002, p. 143). Issues such as mental illness, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, antisocial behavior are linked to the symptoms of marijuana and although it does not cause any exact disorder, it may enhance those symptoms. Marijuana is now medicinally researched to cure disorders such as insomnia, anorexia, and minor pain. Cancer patients also rely on marijuana to increase their appetite, decrease nerve pain, and combat minor pain (Goodwin, 2010). Marijuana is a substance that comes with many pretenses and opinions that may be based on scientific fact or public opinion portrayed through the media. The tests, evaluations, and studies examined in this paper provide adequate information to the reader in establishing a proper factual idea on what marijuana is, the portrayal of the substance in the media, what its effects and dangers are, and its comparison to other legalized substances that are much more harmful. Although the United States has slowly shown progress in decriminalizing marijuana and accepting the medicinal uses for it in states such as California, there is an underlying common misperception that marijuana is a substance of great danger, civil disobedience, and rebellion. References: Aud, J. (1981). Marijuana Use and Social Control. University of Illinois at Chicago. New York: Academic Press Inc. Baggins, David Sadofsky. (1998). Drug Hate and The Corruption of American Justice. University of Illinois at Chicago. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Earleywine, Mitch. (2002). Understanding Marijuana: A new look at the scientific evidence. University of Illinois at Chicago. New York: Oxford University Press. Novak, William. (1980). High Culture: Marijuana in the Lives of Americans. University of Illinois at Chicago. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Philip Palmgreen,  Lewis Donohew,  Elizabeth Pugzles Lorch,  Rick H Hoyle,  Ã‚  Michael T Stephenson. (2001). Television campaigns and adolescent marijuana use: Tests of sensation seeking targeting. American Journal of Public Health,  91(2),  292-6. Retrieved June 12, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  67849612). Goodwin,  J.. (2010,  August). Smoked Marijuana May Ease Chronic Nerve Pain. U. S. News World Report,1. Retrieved June 12, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  2170726371). How to cite Marijuana Subculture, Essay examples

Surgical Safety Checklist by the World Health Organization

Question: Discuss about theSurgical Safety Checklist by the World Health Organization. Answer: Giles, K., Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Deakin, A., Schultz, T., Mandel, C., ... Runciman, W. (2017). Use of surgical safety checklists in Australian operating theatres: an observational study.ANZ journal of surgery,87(12), 971-975. The primary aim pf this research article was to understand the use of surgical safety checklists or SSC in Australian healthcare facilities. After the intervention of SSC by the World Health Organization to reduce the rate of mortality and morbidity, there were very less facts available regarding the use of SSC in Australian healthcare society. The method this study used was direct observation of employees using SSC by trained observers. Further audit was carried out to determine discrepancy in the process and observe the compliance between the practice and the process the healthcare facilities followed. The research was conducted in 11 healthcare facilities and according to the observers, the compliance to the checklist related process was 27%. Within 11 hospitals only 1 hospital was able to comply with the overall process. Further, in maximum of the hospitals, the audit revealed that process and records were not complying with each other. Hence the limitations of the study was the sampling and recruitment process. The goal which was set for the research also limited the scope of the research. the researchers decided to conduct study in 15 hospitals surgical department over 18 months period however, it does not occur as several hospitals prevented external entries within healthcare facilities. Therefore according to my view, this study will provide further scopes for several researches that will arise from the limitation of this study. Aveling, E. L., McCulloch, P., Dixon-Woods, M. (2013). A qualitative study comparing experiences of the surgical safety checklist in hospitals in high-income and low-income countries.BMJ open,3(8), e003039. The primary objective of this research article was to determine the challenges faced by both low and high income countries while complying with the SSC intervention of the WHO intended to reduce the mortality and morbidity. The research chose UK as the high income country and Africa as the low income country. The study design was Ethnographic that involves observation, interviews and collection of several documents from the healthcare facility. Further for the data analysis section thematic analysis was chosen. The sample size of this research was small and one African hospital and two hospitals of the United Kingdom were chosen to conduct the study. The researchers observed the surgical theatre of these three hospital settings for 112 hours and scrutinized each step to understand the detailed process the facilities followed and found that According to the observers they found maximum compliance between the Whos SSC and hospitals working environment. However, several steps were confl icting the philosophy of the system because of the difference between the strategy and the local cultural preferences. The limitation was casual and optimistic approach of the healthcare facilities. Hence, the future implication of this research setting in my view is extremely useful and has the ability to inspire many research subjects to find out the shortcomings of this research. Van Klei, W. A., Hoff, R. G., Van Aarnhem, E. E. H. L., Simmermacher, R. K. J., Regli, L. P. E., Kappen, T. H., ... Peelen, L. M. (2012). Effects of the introduction of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist on in-hospital mortality: a cohort study.Annals of surgery,255(1), 44-49. This research was also determined to evaluate the implication of SSC strategy developed by the WHO and find the potential effect related to the checklist compliance. The research was conducted as in Australian healthcare facilities, after the implementation of the SSC, a reduction in the mortality and morbidity rate was observed. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study was conducted with more than 25,000 patients that undergone surgeries in the healthcare facilities of Australia. Further to compare the patients acquired data, the electronic data was also collected from the healthcare facilities. Further several aspects such as patient outcomes, patient characteristics, surgical specialty, and comorbidity was also checked. The findings also indicated to the fact that crude morbidity reduced to 2.85% from 3.13% after the implementation of surgical safety checklist in the healthcare settings. Further from the patients responses it was determined that 96% patient responded that health care facilities complied with the WHOs SSC strategy. However the limitation of the study was biasness of patients and the refusal of several healthcare facilities to provide their patients electronic information to the researchers. Although the future implication of the study is positive as the study provided scope for future researches where possible bias and other inhibiting factors can be removed. Hannam, J. A., Glass, L., Kwon, J., Windsor, J., Stapelberg, F., Callaghan, K., ... Mitchell, S. J. (2013). A prospective, observational study of the effects of implementation strategy on compliance with a surgical safety checklist.BMJ Qual Saf, bmjqs-2012. In this research article the aim was to determine the effect of WHOs SSC Checklist as the healthcare facilities proposed that due to proper use of this check list morbidity and mortality rates decreased in their facilities. Further the research also find out the type of SSC program that is dependent to WHO or independent SSC was conducted in the healthcare facilities. The objectives were to compare one hospital having WHO supported SSC practice and another hospital having independent SSC practice. The method that was chosen for this research was observational and all three SSC domains such as sign in time out and sign out was observed in both the healthcare facilities. As well as they also observed the team engagement within the operation theatre. The research article presented findings depending on the three aspects of sign in, time out and sign out. In case of sign in, the compliance of hospital 1 and 2 was 96% and 31% respectively, for time out it was 99% and 48% respectively and for sign out 22% and 9% respectively. Therefore the findings were very clear that hospitals that conducted SSC process without the help of WHO were unable to comply with the process however the team engagement in the hospital 2 was better than hospital 1. Hence, the future implication of this research study is progressive as further research can be conducted on the conflict between team engagement and compliance with SSC of WHO. Rydenflt, C., Johansson, G., Odenrick, P., kerman, K., Larsson, P. A. (2013). Compliance with the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist: deviations and possible improvements.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,25(2), 182-187. The aim of this research article was to understand the issues that the healthcare facilities faced while complying with the WHO driven surgical safety checklist process to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates while the process of crucial surgeries. Further to understand the communication related issues, medical failures and support development while implementing the intervention in the healthcare facility. The objective of this research was to assess the level of deviation to the SSC process. The method was observation of the surgical site and for the purpose 24 surgical procedures in different healthcare facilities were observed. Within the healthcare settings, the observer decided to observe the three processes such as sign in, time out and sign out. However, as the maximum rate of error occurred in time out phase of surgical setting, the process of time out was specially analyzed so that compliance with the predefined observational protocol can be observed. It was observed tha t high compliance with the SSC protocol are being followed by the healthcare facilities. Further it was observed that the healthcare professionals mainly the surgeons and anaesthesia team dominated the time out process, which was the limitation of the study. Further the future implication of the study included research on other aspects such as sign in and sign out. The surgical safety checklist was developed by the World Health Organization as a tool to be used in the hospital surgical rooms while surgeries so that the morbidity and mortality rates can be decreased. According to this tool, the organization was responsible for any incident occurred in the healthcare facility and it is the duty of the healthcare experts present within the room to apply all the safety measures according to SSC. In this assignment, five research articles were collected that provided detailed idea regarding the SSC compliance of healthcare facilities. Further in this assignment, the overall findings of those five articles will be analyzed, synthesized and criticized. All the articles included in the annotated bibliography were focused to understand the level of compliance of healthcare facilities with the SSC tool. The first article by Giles et al., (2017), determined the understanding of Australian hospitals regarding the topic and found that Maximum of the healthcare facilities were not being able to comply with the SSC tool. Further According to Sparks et al., (2013), independent healthcare systems are the ones that are unable to comply with the SSC tool. Further the research article had several limitation such as sampling and recruitment issues, hence while critically analyzing the data of article it was determined that maximum of the healthcare facilities di not allowed the researchers to conduct research within surgical theatre, hence the authenticity of the results are primary concern. Further in the articles by Aveling, McCulloch Dixon-Woods, (2013) and Hannam et al., (2013), the challenges faced by healthcare facilities during complying with the SSC tool was determined. In the article of Hannam et al., (2013), issues regarding WHO support and WHO independent SSC compliance was compared and it was found that independent hospitals lack the ability to comply with the process. Hence, according to Pollach Namboya (2013), lack of experience and training the facility was unable to follow the steps provided by WHO. Whereas Aveling, McCulloch Dixon-Woods (2013) conducted research to understand the internal issues that distract facilities to comply with the process due to high income or low income. Further Care Knowledge (2014) also determined that GDP of the country is responsible for the development of the healthcare facility hence the results were critically correct. The fourth article was regarding a cohort study that was conducted by Van Klei et al., (2012) with the patients and healthcare electronic records to understand the level of compliance. However, it was seen that due to individual bias and inability of the researchers to use HER records of each patient the authenticity of the work hampered. However the main aspect of the study was to observe the reduction of morbidity rates which was observed from the result. Finally in the research conducted by Rydenflt et al., (2013), in which the issues faced by healthcare facilities in each aspect of SSC such as sign in, time out and sign out was discussed. Further from the result was observed that time it was dominated by senior healthcare experts that violated the SSC guidelines. Hence, critically, it was non-compliance with the study. While concluding it can be said that the healthcare facilities were unable to comply with the SSC tool as they lacked proper training and brief introduction on organization level as the application of theoretical knowledge on healthcare environment was difficult for them. However, all these research articles provided positive future implication as more research could have been conducted on the limitations of these researches to make the healthcare facilities completely compliance with the SSC tool. References Aveling, E. L., McCulloch, P., Dixon-Woods, M. (2013). A qualitative study comparing experiences of the surgical safety checklist in hospitals in high-income and low-income countries.BMJ open,3(8), e003039. Care, E. V. B., Knowledge, G. N. (2014). Center for Nursing Research, and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing New Orleans, LA.The Ochsner Journal,14, e25-e38. Giles, K., Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Deakin, A., Schultz, T., Mandel, C., ... Runciman, W. (2017). Use of surgical safety checklists in Australian operating theatres: an observational study.ANZ journal of surgery,87(12), 971-975. Hannam, J. A., Glass, L., Kwon, J., Windsor, J., Stapelberg, F., Callaghan, K., ... Mitchell, S. J. (2013). A prospective, observational study of the effects of implementation strategy on compliance with a surgical safety checklist.BMJ Qual Saf, bmjqs-2012. Pollach, G., Namboya, F. (2013). Preventing intensive care admissions for sepsis in tropical Africa (PICASTA): an extension of the international pediatric global sepsis initiative: an African perspective.Pediatric Critical Care Medicine,14(6), 561-570. Rydenflt, C., Johansson, G., Odenrick, P., kerman, K., Larsson, P. A. (2013). Compliance with the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist: deviations and possible improvements.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,25(2), 182-187. Sparks, E. A., Wehbe-Janek, H., Johnson, R. L., Smythe, W. R., Papaconstantinou, H. T. (2013). Surgical safety checklist compliance: a job done poorly!.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,217(5), 867-873. Van Klei, W. A., Hoff, R. G., Van Aarnhem, E. E. H. L., Simmermacher, R. K. J., Regli, L. P. E., Kappen, T. H., ... Peelen, L. M. (2012). Effects of the introduction of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist on in-hospital mortality: a cohort study.Annals of surgery,255(1), 44-49.